Water/Wastewater: Scandium and yttrium are generally present as cations, so a strong acid cation resin is the separation media of choice. Sc and Y have a high affinity for a strong acid cation resin under dilute acid conditions that diminish at about 4 M HCl then again increase as acid concentration increases further (1). Often these metals are being separated from other closely associated metals so resins with the maximum number of theoretical plates are needed. Strong acid cation fine mesh resins like DOWEX™ 50WX8, 100-200 or DOWEX 50WX4, 100-200 resins are proposed for this separation.

Scandium - Sc
Yttrium - Y
Lutetium - Lu

The Group IIIB Elements of scandium, yttrium, and lutetium readily lose their three outer shell electrons to form +3 ions in solution. The aqueous ions of M+3 are hydrolyzed in water to the common form of [M(OH)(H2O)n-1]+2. The Lanthanide series also forms these same ions so they exhibit similar separation chemistries.