FILMTEC Elements Technical Manual | Dow Water & Process Solutions

Complete Technical Manual
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Basics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
1.1 Historical Background of FilmTec Corporation (27 KB PDF)
1.2 Major Desalination and Filtration Processes (125 KB PDF)
1.3 Principle of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration (106 KB PDF)
1.4 FILMTEC Membrane Chemistry Description (56 KB PDF)
1.5 FILMTEC Membrane Performance (45 KB PDF)
1.6 FILMTEC Membrane Safe for Use in Food Processing (27 KB PDF)
1.7 Element Construction (117 KB PDF)
1.8 Element Characteristics (80 KB PDF)
Water Chemistry and Pretreatment
2.1 Introduction (38 KB PDF)
2.2 Feedwater Type and Analysis (136 KB PDF)
Scale Control
2.3.1 Scale Control Introduction (57 KB PDF)
2.3.2 - 2.3.3 Scale Control by Acid Addition and Scale Inhibitor Addition (65 KB PDF)
2.3.4 - 2.3.5 Softening with a Strong Acid Cation Exchange Resin and Dealkalization with a Weak Acid Cation Exchange Resin (72 KB PDF)
2.3.6 Lime Softening (36 KB PDF)
2.3.7 - 2.3.8 Preventive Cleaning and Adjustment of Operating Variables (29 KB PDF)
Scaling Calculations
2.4.1 General (61 KB PDF)
2.4.2 Calcium Carbonate Scale Prevention (203 KB PDF)
2.4.3 Calcium Sulfate Scale Prevention (162 KB PDF)
2.4.4 Barium Sulfate Scale Prevention (62 KB PDF)
2.4.5 Strontium Sulfate Scale Prevention (96 KB PDF)
2.4.6 Calcium Fluoride Scale Prevention (90 KB PDF)
2.4.7 Silica Scale Prevention (92 KB PDF)
2.4.8 Calcium Phosphate Scale Prevention (60 KB PDF)
Colloidal and Particulate Fouling Prevention
2.5.1 Assessment of the Colloidal Fouling Potential (65 KB PDF)
2.5.2 Media Filtration (28 KB PDF)
2.5.3 Oxidation - Filtration (30 KB PDF)
2.5.4 - 2.5.5 In-line Filtration and Coagulation-Flocculation (31 KB PDF)
2.5.6 Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration (24 KB PDF)
2.5.7 Cartridge Microfiltration (26 KB PDF)
2.5.8 Other Methods - Design and Operational Considerations (25 KB PDF)
2.5.9 Design and Operational Considerations (25 KB PDF)
Biological Fouling Prevention
2.6.1 Introduction (35 KB PDF)
2.6.2 Assessment of the Biological Fouling Potential (37 KB PDF)
2.6.3 Chlorination - Dechlorination (53 KB PDF)
2.6.4 Sodium Bisulfite (25 KB PDF)
2.6.5 DBNPA (41 KB PDF)
2.6.6 Combined Chlorine (24 KB PDF)
2.6.7 - 2.6.11 Other Sanitization Agents, Biofiltration, MF-UF, UV Irradiation, Use of FR Membranes (42 KB PDF)
Fouling Prevention
2.7 Prevention of Fouling by Organics (27 KB PDF)
2.8 Prevention of Membrane Degradation (25 KB PDF)
2.9 Prevention of Iron and Manganese Fouling (42 KB PDF)
2.10 Prevention of Aluminum Fouling (36 KB PDF)
2.11 Treatment of Feedwater Containing Hydrogen Sulfide (38 KB PDF)
2.12 Guidelines for Feedwater Quality (45 KB PDF)
2.13 Summary of Pretreatment Options (101 KB PDF)
2.13a Summary of Pretreatment Options: References (33 KB PDF)
System Design Options
3.1 Introduction (54 KB PDF)
3.2 Batch vs. Continuous Process (53 KB PDF)
3.3 Single Module System (57 KB PDF)
3.4 Single Stage System (35 KB PDF)
3.5 Multi Stage System (37 KB PDF)
3.6 Plug Flow vs Concentrate Recirculation (172 KB PDF)
3.7 Permeate Staged System (60 KB PDF)
3.8 Special Design Possibilities (35 KB PDF)
3.9 Membrane System Design Guidelines (83 KB PDF)
3.10 The Steps to Design a Membrane System (83 KB PDF)
System Performance Projection
3.11.1 System Operating Characteristics (91 KB PDF)
3.11.2 Design Equations and Parameters (145 KB PDF)
3.11.3 Comparing Actual Performance of FILMTEC Elements to ROSA Projection (26 KB PDF)
System Components
3.12 Testing - Screening Test, Application Test, Pilot Tests (39 KB PDF)
3.13.1 High Pressure Pump (34 KB PDF)
3.13.2 Pressure Vessels (39 KB PDF)
3.13.3 Shutdown Switches (28 KB PDF)
3.13.4 Valves (33 KB PDF)
3.13.5 Control Instruments (33 KB PDF)
3.13.6 Tanks (43 KB PDF)
System Design Materials and Suggestions
3.14 Corrosion Control (79 KB PDF)
3.15 System Design Considerations to Control Microbiological Activity (38 KB PDF)
3.16 System Design Suggestions for Troubleshooting Success (31 KB PDF)
Loading of Pressure Vessels
4.1 - 4.2 Preparation and Element Loading (48 KB PDF)
4.3 Shimming Elements (33 KB PDF)
4.4 Element Removal (32 KB PDF)
4.5 Interconnector Technology for 8-inch Diameter FILMTEC Membranes (82 KB PDF)
4.6 Installing an Element Spacer (33 KB PDF)
System Operation
5.1 Introduction (24 KB PDF)
Initial Start Up
5.2.1 Initial Start Up - Equipment (39 KB PDF)
5.2.2 Initial Start Up - Prestart Up Check and Commissioning Audit (73 KB PDF)
5.2.3 Start Up Sequence (81 KB PDF)
5.2.4 - 5.2.6 Membrane Start Up Performance and Stabilization (27 KB PDF)
5.3 Operation Start Up (24 KB PDF)
5.4 RO and NF Systems Shutdown (39 KB PDF)
5.5 Adjustment of Operation Parameters (31 KB PDF)
Record Keeping
5.6 Record Keeping (79 KB PDF)
5.6.6 Plant Performance Normalization (118 KB PDF)
Cleaning and Sanitization
6.1 Introduction (40 KB PDF)
6.2 Safety Precautions (36 KB PDF)
6.3 Cleaning Requirements (64 KB PDF)
6.4 Cleaning Equipment (85 KB PDF)
6.5 Cleaning Steps (36 KB PDF)
6.6 Cleaning Tips (29 KB PDF)
6.7 Effect of pH on Foulant Removal (35 KB PDF)
6.8 Cleaning Chemicals (40 KB PDF)
Cleaning Procedure for Specific Situations
6.9.1 General Cleaning Procedure Considerations for Specific Situations (23 KB PDF)
6.9.2 Sulfate Scale Cleaning Procedure (35 KB PDF)
6.9.3 Carbonate Scale Cleaning Procedure (38 KB PDF)
6.9.4 Iron Fouling Cleaning Procedure (39 KB PDF)
6.9.5 Organic Fouling Cleaning Procedure (39 KB PDF)
6.9.6 Biofouling Cleaning Procedure (40 KB PDF)
6.9.7 Emergency Cleaning Procedure (55 KB PDF)
Sanitizing RO / NF Membrane Systems
6.10.1 Sanitizing RO and NF Membrane Systems - Introduction (26 KB PDF)
6.10.2 Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracetic Acid (29 KB PDF)
6.10.3 Chlorinated and Other Biocidal Products (25 KB PDF)
6.10.4 Heat Sanitization (37 KB PDF)
Handling, Preservation, and Storage
7.1 - 7.2 Storage and Shipping of New FILMTEC Elements (39 KB PDF)
7.3.1 Preservation and Storage of Used FILMTEC Elements (38 KB PDF)
7.3.2 Re-wetting of Dried Out Elements (33 KB PDF)
7.3.3 Shipping Used FILMTEC Elements (34 KB PDF)
7.3.4 Disposal of Used FILMTEC Elements (31 KB PDF)
7.4 Preservation of RO and NF Systems in Case of Shut Down (26 KB PDF)
Troubleshooting
8.1 Introduction (30 KB PDF)
8.2 Evaluation of System Performance and Operation (53 KB PDF)
8.3 System Tests - Visual Inspection, Most Effective Cleaning, Profiling and Probing (78 KB PDF)
Membrane Element Evaluation
8.4.1 Membrane Element Evaluation - Sample Selection (24 KB PDF)
8.4.2 System Optimization Services (25 KB PDF)
8.4.3 Membrane Element Evaluation - Visual Inspection and Weighing (23 KB PDF)
8.4.4 Membrane Element Evaluation - Vacuum Decay Test (33 KB PDF)
8.4.5 Membrane Element Evaluation - Performance Test (38 KB PDF)
8.4.6 Membrane Element Evaluation - Cleaning Evaluation (25 KB PDF)
8.4.7 Membrane Element Evaluation - Autopsy (24 KB PDF)
8.4.8 Membrane Element Evaluation - Membrane Analysis (27 KB PDF)
Symptoms of Trouble, Causes, and Corrective Measures
8.5.1 Symptoms of Trouble, Causes and Corrective Measures - Low Flow (347 KB PDF)
8.5.2 Symptoms of Trouble, Causes and Corrective Measures - High Salt Passage (57 KB PDF)
8.5.3 Symptoms of Trouble, Causes and Corrective Measures - High Pressure Drop (165 KB PDF)
8.5.4 Symptoms of Trouble, Causes and Corrective Measures - Troubleshooting Grid (47 KB PDF)
Addendum
9.1 Terminology (211 KB PDF)
9.2 Sodium Chloride Conductivity Table (155 KB PDF)
9.3 Conductivity of Ions (45 KB PDF)
9.4 Conductivity of Solutions (95 KB PDF)
9.5 Conversion of Concentration Units of Ionic Species Table (60 KB PDF)
9.6 Temperature Correction Factor Table (66 KB PDF)
9.7 Conversion of US Units into Metric Units (25 KB PDF)
9.8 Ionization of Carbon Dioxide Solutions Chart (47 KB PDF)
9.9 Osmotic Pressure of Sodium Chloride (33 KB PDF)
9.10 Osmotic Pressure of Solutions (42 KB PDF)
9.11 Testing Chemical Compatibilities with FILMTEC Membranes (77 KB PDF)
9.12 Key Word Index (135 KB PDF)

WaterSolutions FILMTEC Elements Technical Manual